Legislation:Abelden/Morgannwg/Cyfansoddiad Morgannwg/Original text

Cyfansoddiad Morgannwg Constitution of Morgannwg

Title I: The Kingdom

Chapter 1: The state

1. Morgannwg is an indivisible nation, under a monarchy.
2. Morgannwg ratifies the Constitution of the Abeldane Empire as a member state, accepting all rights and responsibilities given to it.

Chapter 2: The languages of Morgannwg

1. The official languages of Morgannwg are Welsh and English. The working language of the state government is English.
2. In each of the official languages of Morgannwg, Morgannwg is to be known as:
   1. Teyrnas Morgannwg (Welsh);
   2. Kingdom of Morgannwg (English).

Chapter 3: National symbols

1. The flag of Morgannwg is Sable, a fillet cross Or fimbriated Argent.
2. The Coat of Arms of Morgannwg is Quarterly, the first and fourth: Sable, a fillet cross Or fimbriated Argent, the second: per pale Vert and Argent a wolf and a dragon combatant counterchanged, the third: Argent, above a bar gemel wavy Azure a lion of the same, over all an inescutcheon of Gules, three chevronels Argent.
3. The motto of Morgannwg is “Per Dei gratium”.

Chapter 4: Citizenship

1. Citizenship of Morgannwg belongs to those with citizenship of the Abeldane Empire, who:
   1. Are resident in Morgannwg;
   2. Have been assigned citizenship of Morgannwg by the relevant Federal authority; or
   3. Are members of the royal family of Morgannwg.

Title II: The Monarchy

Chapter 5: Role of the Monarchy

1. The Monarch of Morgannwg is the head of state.
2. The Monarch may appoint and dismiss Gweinidogion at any time.
3. The Monarch may dissolve the Senedd at any time.
4. The Monarch may grant or deny assent to any legislation passed by the Senedd.
5. The Monarch may appoint and dismiss judges at any time.

Chapter 6: Titles of the Monarch

1. If the Monarch is a male, he is to bear the title:
   1. Brenin Morgannwg (Welsh);
   King of Morgannwg (English).
2. If the Monarch is a female, she is to bear the title:
   1. Brenhines Morgannwg (Welsh);
   2. Queen of Morgannwg (English).

Chapter 7: Succession of the Monarchy

1. The heir to the Monarch is to be named directly by the Monarch.
2. Should an heir not be named, the heir is to be decided by absolute primogeniture.
3. Should the Monarchy be vacant with no clear heir, the Abeldane Monarch may name a new Monarch.

Chapter 8: Additional powers of the Monarchy

1. The Monarch may grant pardons or clemency to criminals who have been sentenced.
2. The Monarch may bestow titles of nobility and grant peerage.
3. The Monarch may bestow orders of chivalry.

Title III: The Legislature

Chapter 9: The Senedd

1. The Senedd is the legislature of Morgannwg.
2. The Senedd is unicameral.
3. The Senedd is to be known as:
   1. Senedd Morgannwg (Welsh);
   2. Parliament of Morgannwg (English).
4. Members of the Senedd are to be known as:
   1. Aelod Seneddol, or AS (Welsh);
   2. Member of Parliament, or MP (English).

Chapter 10: Election to the Senedd

1. The Senedd is to be elected no less frequently than every 6 months, coinciding where possible with federal elections.
2. The Monarch must dissolve the Senedd no later than 7 days prior to a general election.
3. The Monarch has the power to issue a writ of election to the Senedd. The Monarch is to specify the number of electable seats.
4. The Senedd is to be elected according to an appropriate form of proportional representation.

Chapter 11: Qualification for the Senedd

1. To hold office as a member of the Senedd, an individual must have achieved 14 years of age.
2. An individual is disqualified from serving as a member of the Senedd if:
   1. they have been convicted of an offence by a domestic court;
   2. they are an undischarged bankrupt or insolvent;
   3. they are determined by a state court to be incapable of holding office as a member of the Senedd.
3. If a member of the Senedd becomes subject to any of the disqualifications included in article (2), the Monarch may dismiss them from such office.

Chapter 12: The Llywydd

1. From among its members, the Senedd is to elect a Llywydd. The election of the Llywydd is to be presided over by the outgoing Llywydd; if there is no outgoing Llywydd, the election is to be presided over by the eldest member of the Senedd.
2. The Llywydd is to be known as:
   1. Llywydd y Senedd (Welsh);
   2. Presiding Officer of the Parliament (English).
3. The Llywydd is to preside over meetings of the Senedd.
4. The Senedd may also elect a deputy to the Llywydd.
5. The deputy to the Llywydd is to be known as:
   1. Dirprwy Lywydd y Senedd (Welsh);
   2. Deputy Presiding Officer of the Parliament (English).

Chapter 13: Procedure of the Senedd

1. The Senedd may enact legislation by the vote of a majority of its present members, and the formal assent of the Monarch.
2. The Senedd may summon members of the Cabinet for questioning about government policy, and request all relevant documents in aid of holding the government to account.
3. The Senedd may remove the Prif Weinidog by a majority vote, resulting in a new election for the office.
4. The Senedd may amend this constitution by a two-thirds majority vote, and the formal assent of the Monarch.

Title IV: The Executive

Chapter 14: The Prif Weinidog

1. A Prif Weinidog is to be elected no less frequently than every 6 months, coinciding where possible with federal elections.
2. The Monarch has the power to issue a writ of election to the office of Prif Weinidog.
3. An individual must be a member of the Senedd to serve as the Prif Weinidog.
4. The Prif Weinidog is to be known as:
   1. Prif Weinidog Morgannwg (Welsh);
   2. Chief Minister of Morgannwg (English).

Chapter 15: The Llywodraeth

1. The Prif Weinidog is to lead the Llywodraeth, the executive body of Morgannwg, in the Monarch’s name.
2. The Llywodraeth is to be known as:
   1. Llywodraeth Morgannwg (Welsh);
   2. Government of Morgannwg (English).
3. The Llywodraeth is to be responsible for effecting laws and creating policy.

Chapter 16: The Cabinet

1. The most senior organ in the Llywodraeth is the Cabinet, comprising the Monarch, the Prif Weinidog, and the various Gweinidogion named by the Monarch by the advice of the Prif Weinidog.
2. An individual must be a member of the Senedd to serve as a Gweinidog.
3. Each Gweinidog is to manage the execution of laws and creation of policy in a specific policy area, representing that area in the Cabinet and the Senedd.
4. Meetings of the Cabinet are to be chaired by the Prif Weinidog.

Title V: The Judiciary

Chapter 17: The courts

1. The judicial power of Morgannwg is exercised by the Llys y Goron and any other inferior court or tribunal that may be established by the Senedd.
2. The judiciary is independent and subject only to the law. The judiciary must apply the laws impartially and fairly.
3. In deciding a case, a court or tribunal is bound by the precedents set by any senior court or tribunal.

Chapter 18: The Llys y Goron

1. The Llys y Goron is to serve as the final appellate court.
2. The Llys y Goron is to be known as:
   1. Llys y Goron Morgannwg (Welsh);
   2. Crown Court of Morgannwg (English).

Chapter 19: Judges

1. The most senior judge is the Prif Ustus. The Prif Ustus is to be appointed and dismissed by the Monarch.
2. The Prif Ustus is to be known as:
   1. Prif Ustus Morgannwg (Welsh);
   2. Chief Justice of Morgannwg (English).
3. The Prif Ustus is to sit as a member of the Llys y Goron.
4. All other judges are to be appointed and dismissed by the Monarch on the recommendation of the Prif Ustus.

Chapter 20: Powers

1. A court or tribunal may make all orders necessary or appropriate in aid of its jurisdiction and agreeable to the usages and principles of law.
2. Where a court is required to rule on a matter and finds that there is no relevant law regarding the matter or an omission in the law regarding the matter, the court may make any order as it sees fit to prevent injustice.
3. The judicial power includes the power to issue the prerogative writs of certiorari, mandamus and prohibition, and declare legislation invalid and prohibit any party from enforcing it.

Title VI: Bill of Rights

Chapter 21: Universal protection

1. All persons are entitled, without discrimination, to the protections afforded by this Constitution. All persons are equal before the law.
2. All persons have the right to an effective remedy by competent national tribunals for any violation of their rights as afforded by this Constitution or any other law.

Chapter 22: Right to life and dignity

1. The dignity of the person is inviolable.
2. All persons have the right to life and physical integrity. No one may be subject to slavery or servitude; torture; cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Chapter 23: Right to a fair trial

1. All persons are entitled to a fair and expedient hearing by the Monarch in the determination of their rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against them.
2. No one may be convicted of the same offence more than once.
3. No one may be held liable on account of any act or omission which would not have imposed liability, under national or international law, at the time when it was done.
4. No one may be compelled to provide evidence against themselves in any legal action.

Chapter 24: Freedom of expression

1. All persons have the right to freedom of speech and to inform themselves from generally accessible sources. Freedom of reporting is guaranteed.
2. All persons have the right to free association. All persons have the right to assemble peacefully without prior notice or permission.
3. All persons have the right to choose and exercise their religion. The government must not act so as to restrict the free exercise of religion.

Chapter 25: Right to privacy

1. No one may be subjected to arbitrary interference with their privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon their honour or reputation.

Chapter 26: Right to property

1. All persons have the right to own property alone as well as in association with others, and no one may be arbitrarily deprived of their property.

Chapter 27: Right to freedom of movement

1. All persons have the right to move freely within Morgannwg.

Chapter 28: Right to a protected environment

1. All persons have the right to a protected healthy environment.

Chapter 29: Right to healthcare and housing

1. All persons have the right to have access to healthcare services (including reproductive healthcare and emergency medical assistance), food and water and social security.
2. All persons have the right to housing adequate to maintain their health and wellbeing.

Chapter 30: Right to an education

1. All persons have the right to a basic education.

Chapter 31: Further rights

1. The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, is not to be construed to deny or disparage other rights retained by the people.